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RAID (del inglés Redundant Array of Independent Disks) hace referencia a un sistema de almacenamiento de datos que usa múltiples unidades de almacenamiento de datos (discos duros o SSD) entre los que se distribuyen o replican los datos. Dependiendo de su configuración (a la que suele llamarse «nivel»), los beneficios de un RAID respecto a un único disco son uno o varios de los siguientes: mayor integridad, mayor tolerancia a fallos, mayor throughput (rendimiento) y mayor capacidad. En sus implementaciones originales, su ventaja clave era la habilidad de combinar varios dispositivos de bajo coste y tecnología más antigua en un conjunto que ofrecía mayor capacidad, fiabilidad, velocidad o una combinación de éstas que un solo dispositivo de última generación y coste más alto.
¿En que casos se usa?
Los casos de mayor uso son en servidores empresariales, aunque gracias a los NAS también están empezando a tener uso domestico.
¿Que ventajas/inconvenientes tiene?
Mejora la velocidad de acceso, así como en RAID 5, evita en gran medida las perdidas de datos. El inconveniente principal es el uso de varios discos duros, en ciertos niveles se necesitan hasta 4 discos duros como mínimo.
¿Que niveles RAID existen?¿Cuales son los mas usados?
Un RAID 0 (también llamado conjunto dividido, volumen dividido, volumen seccionado) distribuye los datos equitativamente entre dos o más discos sin información de paridad que proporcione redundancia.
Un RAID 1 crea una copia exacta (o espejo) de un conjunto de datos en dos o más discos.
Un RAID 4, también conocido como IDA (acceso independiente con discos dedicados a la paridad) usa división a nivel de bloques con un disco de paridad dedicado.
Un RAID 5 (también llamado distribuido con paridad) es una división de datos a nivel de bloques distribuyendo la información de paridad entre todos los discos miembros del conjunto. El RAID 5 ha logrado popularidad gracias a su bajo coste de redundancia. Generalmente, el RAID 5 se implementa con soporte hardware para el cálculo de la paridad. RAID 5 necesitará un mínimo de 3 discos para ser implementado.
Un RAID 6 amplía el nivel RAID 5 añadiendo otro bloque de paridad, por lo que divide los datos a nivel de bloques y distribuye los dos bloques de paridad entre todos los miembros del conjunto.
Se suele llamar RAID 5E y RAID 6E a las variantes de RAID 5 y RAID 6 que incluyen discos de reserva.
Los niveles RAID más comúnmente usados son RAID 0, RAID 1 y RAID 5.
¿Como se puede implementar un sistema RAID?
Necesitamos una controladora RAID y/o una BIOS que lo soporte. En la configuracion de ambas se puede configurar facilmente.
¿Que es NAS?
NAS (del inglés Network Attached Storage) es el nombre dado a una tecnología de almacenamiento dedicada a compartir la capacidad de almacenamiento de un computador (Servidor) con computadoras personales o servidores clientes a través de una red (normalmente TCP/IP), haciendo uso de un Sistema Operativo optimizado para dar acceso con los protocolos CIFS, NFS, FTP o TFTP. En estos sistemas se usa RAID cuando hay mas de un disco para redundancia de datos.
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